前言
cURL(Client URL Library Functions): curl is a command line tool for transferring data with URL syntax,即使用URL语法传输数据的命令行工具。
学习篇
- 1、初始化cURL：curl_init()
- 2、发送请求到server：curl_exec()
- 3、接收server数据：curl_exec()
- 4、关闭cURL：curl_close()
开发篇
php -f xxx.php > xxx.html
- 1、利用cURL直接抓取“百度”首页
<?php
$curl=curl_init('http://www.baidu.com');
curl_exec($curl);
curl_close($curl);
?>
- 2、网络上下载一个网页并把内容中的“百度”替换为“屌丝”之后输出
<?php
$curlobj = curl_init(); // 初始化
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.baidu.com"); // 设置访问网页的URL
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); // 执行之后不直接打印出来
$output=curl_exec($curlobj); // 执行
curl_close($curlobj); // 关闭cURL
echo str_replace("百度","屌丝",$output);
?>
- 3、登录慕课网并下载个人空间页面
<?php
/**
* 自定义实现页面链接跳转抓取
*
*/
$data='username=demo_peter@126.com&password=123qwe&remember=1';
$curlobj = curl_init(); // 初始化
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.imooc.com/user/login"); // 设置访问网页的URL
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); // 执行之后不直接打印出来
// Cookie相关设置，这部分设置需要在所有会话开始之前设置
date_default_timezone_set('PRC'); // 使用Cookie时，必须先设置时区
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, TRUE);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
// 注释掉这行，因为这个设置必须关闭安全模式 以及关闭open_basedir，对服务器安全不利
//curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8",
"Content-length: ".strlen($data)
));
curl_exec($curlobj); // 执行
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.imooc.com/space/index");
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_POST, 0);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("Content-type: text/xml"
));
$output=curl_redir_exec($curlobj); // 执行
curl_close($curlobj); // 关闭cURL
echo $output;
/**
* 自定义实现页面链接跳转抓取
*/
function curl_redir_exec($ch,$debug="")
{
static $curl_loops = 0;
static $curl_max_loops = 20;
if ($curl_loops++ >= $curl_max_loops)
{
$curl_loops = 0;
return FALSE;
}
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true); // 开启header才能够抓取到重定向到的新URL
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
$data = curl_exec($ch);
// 分割返回的内容
$h_len = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HEADER_SIZE);
$header = substr($data,0,$h_len);
$data = substr($data,$h_len - 1);
$http_code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
if ($http_code == 301 || $http_code == 302) {
$matches = array();
preg_match('/Location:(.*?)\n/', $header, $matches);
$url = @parse_url(trim(array_pop($matches)));
// print_r($url);
if (!$url)
{
//couldn't process the url to redirect to
$curl_loops = 0;
return $data;
}
$last_url = parse_url(curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL));
if (!isset($url['scheme']))
$url['scheme'] = $last_url['scheme'];
if (!isset($url['host']))
$url['host'] = $last_url['host'];
if (!isset($url['path']))
$url['path'] = $last_url['path'];
$new_url = $url['scheme'] . '://' . $url['host'] . $url['path'] . (isset($url['query'])?'?'.$url['query']:'');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $new_url);
return curl_redir_exec($ch);
} else {
$curl_loops=0;
return $data;
}
}
?>
- 4、获取webservice天气数据
<?php
$data = 'theCityName=北京';
$curlobj = curl_init();
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName");
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8",
"Content-length: ".strlen($data)
));
$rtn = curl_exec($curlobj);
if(!curl_errno($curlobj)){
// $info = curl_getinfo($curlobj);
// print_r($info);
echo $rtn;
} else {
echo 'Curl error: ' . curl_error($curlobj);
}
curl_close($curlobj);
?>
- 5、从FTP上下载数据
<?php
$curlobj = curl_init();
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_URL, "ftp://192.168.1.100/downloaddemo.txt");
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 300); // times out after 300s
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "peter.zhou:123456");//FTP用户名：密码
// Sets up the output file
$outfile = fopen('dest.txt', 'wb');//保存到本地的文件名
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_FILE, $outfile);
$rtn = curl_exec($curlobj);
fclose($outfile);
if(!curl_errno($curlobj)){
// $info = curl_getinfo($curlobj);
// print_r($info);
echo "RETURN: " . $rtn;
} else {
echo 'Curl error: ' . curl_error($curlobj);
}
curl_close($curlobj);
?>
- 6、上传数据到FTP
<?php
$curlobj = curl_init();
$localfile = 'ftp01.php';
$fp = fopen($localfile, 'r');
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_URL, "ftp://192.168.1.100/ftp01_uploaded.php");
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 300); // times out after 300s
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "peter.zhou:123456");//FTP用户名：密码
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_INFILE, $fp);
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_INFILESIZE, filesize($localfile));
$rtn = curl_exec($curlobj);
fclose($fp);
if(!curl_errno($curlobj)){
echo "Uploaded successfully.";
} else {
echo 'Curl error: ' . curl_error($curlobj);
}
curl_close($curlobj);
?>
- 7、下载网络上面的一个HTTPS的资源
<?php
$curlobj = curl_init(); // 初始化
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_URL, "https://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.validate/1.12.0/jquery.validate.js"); // 设置访问网页的URL
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); // 执行之后不直接打印出来
// 设置HTTPS支持
date_default_timezone_set('PRC'); // 使用Cookie时，必须先设置时区
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0); // 对认证证书来源的检查从证书中检查SSL加密算法是否存在
curl_setopt($curlobj, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2); //
$output=curl_exec($curlobj); // 执行
curl_close($curlobj); // 关闭cURL
echo $output;
?>
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